Ecosystem service metrics for restorative marine economies in Aotearoa New Zealand

To support restorative economy (RE) endeavours, we need ways to measure the ecosystem services (ES) provided by marine ecosystems. These will provide metrics to quantify the many benefits provided by marine ecosystems. Natural capital and ES
need to be quantified before restoration efforts begin, and over time following restoration, to measure (i) whether the investment has been successful, and (ii) that the benefits are lasting.